An international expert roundtable was held in Bukhara, Uzbekistan where specialists from the CIS countries discussed the latest methods for combating non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The key topics of discussion were the reasons behind the increase in these diseases and potential ways to reduce their prevalence.
One of the primary factors contributing to the rise in NCDs was identified as cigarette smoking. Most experts agreed that complete cessation of smoking is the most effective way to reduce the risks associated with non-communicable diseases.
However, as specialists pointed out, many individuals struggle with addiction to harmful habits, which makes quitting difficult. As a result, there was a focus on finding solutions to reduce harm for those who cannot fully quit smoking.
Ms. Saida Umarzoda, a professor and head of the NGO Right to Health from Tajikistan, emphasized that bans are often ineffective for individuals with long-standing habits, such as smoking. She suggested that a more effective approach could be transitioning to less harmful alternatives, such as smokeless tobacco products.
"Switching to these alternatives helps reduce carcinogen exposure, improves quality of life, and reduces the likelihood of disease recurrence. The main harm comes from combustion products, not nicotine. Smokeless products eliminate the combustion process, significantly reducing risks," she stated.
At the same time, Ms. Umarzoda highlighted the importance of working with young people to prevent the adoption of risky behaviors. According to her, efforts should focus on harm reduction for those already smoking, while preventing smoking among those who have never tried it.
"Less harmful alternatives should only be available to those smokers who, for various reasons, are not ready to quit their habit. There should be age restrictions on the sale of such products, as well as campaigns promoting healthy lifestyles among young people," she added.
Umarzoda also pointed out that one of the main barriers to the widespread implementation of harm reduction programs is the healthcare system's focus on treatment rather than prevention.
"Clinical guidelines lack specific tools for the public, making it difficult to implement preventive programs, including harm reduction approaches," she concluded.
