Tajikistan’s economy remains the smallest in Central Asia

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For the third consecutive year, Tajikistan ranks last in Central Asia in terms of nominal GDP. According to national statistical agencies across the region (with data for Turkmenistan provided by the IMF), Kazakhstan’s GDP surpassed $300 billion for the first time in 2025.

Uzbekistan follows with a nominal GDP of $152.5 billion last year, while Turkmenistan's nominal GDP stood at $72.1 billion. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan occupy the lowest positions with significant gaps, registering nominal GDPs of $22.6 billion and $19 billion, respectively.

However, the highest real GDP growth in the past year was recorded in these two countries: Kyrgyzstan saw a growth rate of 11.1%, while Tajikistan’s economy grew by 8.4%. Meanwhile, Uzbekistan’s real GDP grew by 7.7%, Kazakhstan’s by 6.5%, and Turkmenistan’s by 2.3%.

It is worth noting that up until 2023, Tajikistan held the penultimate position in the region. However, in the last three years, it has fallen behind Kyrgyzstan, with the gap widening each year.

 

Nominal GDP of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in 2020–2025

Year

    Tajikistan

  Kyrgyzstan

2020

   $7.9 billion

 $7.8 billion

2021

  $8.8 billion

 $8.6 billion

2022

  $11.4 billion

  $10.5 billion

2023

  $11.9 billion

  $13.7 billion

2024

$14 billion

  $17.2 billion

2025

$19 billion

  $22.6 billion

 

According to IMF estimates, Tajikistan also ranked last in 2025 for GDP per capita in Central Asia, placing it at the bottom of the post-Soviet space as well. Central Asia remains the most economically underdeveloped region of the former Soviet Union.

 

GDP per capita of Central Asian countries in 2025

Kazakhstan – $14,700

Turkmenistan – $10,800

Uzbekistan – $3,700

Kyrgyzstan – $2,800

Tajikistan – $1,600

Source: IMF

 

The case of former head of Dushanbe Airport Ismatullo Abdullozoda has not yet moved to court

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The case of Ismatullo Abdullozoda, the former head of Dushanbe International Airport, who is suspected of embezzling large sums of money, has not yet been submitted to a court, Rustam Mirzozoda, the head of the Supreme Court of Tajikistan, told reporters in Dushanbe on February 12.

"Regarding the case of the former head of Dushanbe Airport, 14 people were released after compensating for the damage. Five of them were airport employees, and the rest were company representatives. Their case was heard in the Dushanbe city court, which imposed a fine without detention. They paid compensation amounting to 217 million somoni. All losses incurred by the state were fully reimbursed," Mirzozoda said.

Ismatullo Abdullozoda served as the head of Dushanbe International Airport for nine years before being dismissed and arrested in May 2025. The press service of the President of Tajikistan reported on that day that Abdullozoda and his deputies were relieved of their duties "due to a financial audit and serious violations uncovered in their activities."

The Agency for State Financial Control and Combating Corruption under the President of Tajikistan later stated that Abdullozoda and several of his subordinates are suspected of embezzling 1.245 billion somoni.

In August of last year, the head of the anticorruption agency, Sulaimon Sultonzoda, revealed during a press conference that 961 million somoni had been embezzled by Abdullozoda himself. "This was done through the use of shell companies, withdrawing funds, and misappropriating the airport’s money under the guise of purchasing and supplying necessary goods," he said.

Official charges were brought against those detained under two articles of Tajikistan’s Criminal Code of Tajikistan: "Embezzlement or misappropriation in a particularly large amount" (a fine or up to six years in prison) and "Fraud committed by a group of people in conspiracy."

Head of Customs Service clarifies situation regarding import duties on ceramic tiles from Uzbekistan

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Tajikistan raised customs duties on imported ceramic tiles last year, but this does not apply to products from Uzbekistan due to the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries.

On February 12, Khurshed Karimzoda, head of Tajikistan’s Customs Service, told reporters in Dushanbe that there are no significant issues regarding duties on ceramic tiles from Uzbekistan.

Earlier, representatives of some Uzbek companies had reported increasing barriers from Tajik authorities, which were hindering product deliveries. According to them, since December 1, 2025, Tajikistan imposed an additional charge of $150 per ton on imported ceramic tiles, with a base customs value set at $300, bringing a total amount to $450.

“Regarding the issue raised in the media, there are no significant problems. Sometimes the information is presented in such a way that it creates the impression of serious difficulties. In fact, no significant problems exist,” Karimzoda said.

He added that most challenges arise due to the actions of suppliers.

“When importing goods—whether ceramic tiles or products from Uzbekistan—suppliers often fail to provide the full set of documents required by Tajikistan’s Customs Code,” he noted.

Additionally, Karimzoda mentioned that customs authorities often have doubts about the accuracy of the declared value of goods.

“In such cases, according to Article 354 of the Customs Code, the Customs Service has the right to apply one of six methods to determine the customs value. If documents are incomplete, the registration is based on the internal market price of Tajikistan, as determined by the working group of the service,” he explained.

He further clarified that in most cases, goods from Uzbekistan are registered at the transaction price.

Karimzoda also pointed out that dissatisfaction often arises because Uzbek suppliers list prices below market value in their declarations.

“Our market analysis shows that actual prices are much higher than those declared. Complaints arose due to claims that the prices of ceramic tiles were allegedly inflated,” he said.

He gave a similar example with cement: "Back in 2021, we set the import price of cement from Uzbekistan at $300 per ton to protect the domestic market," he reminded. In 2025, Uzbekistan also imposed duties on cement imports to support its own producers.

Karimzoda mentioned that last year, a ceramic tile manufacturing plant was launched in Tajikistan. Consequently, the government decided to increase customs duties on imported ceramic tiles.

"Given the existing Free Trade Agreement with Uzbekistan, these measures do not apply to Uzbek products," he emphasized.

He also clarified that within the framework of the agreement, 37 product categories were removed from the free trade regime and are now subject to duties, but ceramic tiles are not among them.

In conclusion, Karimzoda stated that the launch of the new factory in Dushanbe would help reduce dependence on imports and improve the supply of the domestic market.

Justice minister refuses to comment on Incident in Khujand penal colony

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Muzaffar Ashuriyon, the Minister of Justice of Tajikistan, declined to comment on a deadly incident that occurred in Khujand penal colony at the end of January when journalists asked about it during a news conference in Dushanbe on February 12.

In early February, Radio Liberty’s Tajik Service, known locally as Radio Ozodi, citing its sources, reported the tragic event at Khujand correctional facility. According to the report, on January 31, one of the prisoners attacked a prison guard, seized his weapon, and opened fire. In response, the prison staff fired back, resulting in the attacker’s death. Both the guard and the prisoner were killed.

Sources clarified that the incident occurred during the day when prisoners were being taken to the yard. The prisoner suddenly grabbed the guard's pistol, fired, and was then shot dead. To enhance security and prevent a potential escape, traffic police officers were called in. According to Radio Ozodi’s sources, no escape attempts were recorded.

ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЕ Khujand penal colony

An investigation was launched into the incident, but the motives behind the attack remain unclear. Official statements from the authorities were not provided in the report.

Asia-Plus did not publish news about this incident, hoping to get a detailed response during the Ministry of Justice’s news conference.

When asked by journalists about the event, Muzaffar Ashuriyon acknowledged that it was a crime but stated that the case did not fall under their jurisdiction:

"Please don’t ask me such questions. We don’t conduct preliminary investigations, and such questions are outside our jurisdiction. Please refrain from asking these kinds of questions, as they will remain unanswered, and you should contact the relevant authorities that have the proper authority on these matters," said Ashuriyon.

When journalists pointed out that the issue fell under their ministry’s jurisdiction as the Department of Criminal Penalties is part of the Ministry of Justice, Ashuriyon gave no response.

It is also worth noting that this is the second news conference held by the Ministry of Justice without the head of the Department of Criminal Penalties, Mansourjon Umarov.

Tajikistan sees significant growth in digital payments

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Tajikistan’s banking system has experienced substantial growth in digital payments in 2025, according to the National Bank of Tajikistan.

The total number of banking payment cards in the country reached 10.4 million, a 23.7% increase compared to the end of 2024. The number of electronic wallets grew to 17.7 million, marking a 46.4% rise.

Additionally, to enhance customer convenience, the number of ATMs and terminals saw significant growth in 2025. There are now 3,453 ATMs in banks, a 14.9% increase from 2024, and 4,991 electronic terminals, which represents a 30.8% rise.

The number of POS terminals in retail and service outlets increased to 9,017, reflecting a 10.8% growth compared to the previous year. The installation of QR codes in commercial points also saw a 44.4% increase, reaching 28,762.

Operations involving bank cards and electronic wallets also surged. In 2025, there were 136 million cashless transactions, totaling 42.4 billion somoni. This represents a 47.1% increase in the number of transactions and a 39.8% growth in volume compared to 2024.

The ratio of cash withdrawal transactions to cashless payments last year was 70.6% to 29.4%. The share of cashless transactions increased by 3.2 percentage points compared to 2024.

Growth of Digital Payments in Tajikistan in 2025

·         10.4 million Bank cards (+23.7%)

·         17.7 million E-wallets (+46.4%)

·         3,453 ATMs (+14.9%)

·         9,017 POS-terminals (+10.8%)

·         28,762 QR codes (+44.4%)

·         7,330 Self-service terminals

Cashless Transactions in 2025

·         136 million transactions (+47.1%)

·         42.4 billion somoni (+39.8%)

Breakdown of Transactions:

·         Cash withdrawals: 70.6%

·         Cashless payments: 29.4%

Share of cashless transactions in December: 38.9%

Uzbekistan purchased almost all of Tajikistan’s export coal in 2025

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In 2025, Tajikistan mined over 2.8 million tons of coal, an increase of 235,000 tons, or 10%, compared to 2024. The extraction was carried out by 20 enterprises across 15 deposits. This was reported by Tajikistan’s Minister of Industry and New Technologies, Sherali Kabir, at a press conference in Dushanbe.

Coal exports grew as well, with Tajikistan sending 558,700 tons of coal abroad, a 42% increase compared to 2024. Uzbekistan became the main buyer, purchasing 99.91% of the total volume, or 558,200 tons. Afghanistan received only 474 tons of coal.

Among the largest exporters of coal are LLC "Tajik Metallurgical Combine" with over 363,000 tons and LLC "Qudrat" with 131,000 tons. Coal exports brought Tajikistan approximately $6.5 million in revenue.

Within Tajikistan, 2.27 million tons of coal were sold, with 800,000 tons delivered to the TPP-2 in Dushanbe. Around 451,000 tons were sold to the population.

According to the Ministry of Industry and New Technologies (MoINT), in the coming years, new coal enterprises such as "Fon-Yaghnob" and "Nazar-Ayloq" are planned to be built. Efforts are underway with companies from Russia, China, the European Union, and Uzbekistan to attract investments and develop the coal industry’s production capacities. 

Tajikstandard requires merchants to stop selling energy drinks to children and teenagers

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Tajikistan’s national standards authority, Tajikstandard, has expressed concern over the growing consumption of energy drinks, particularly among youth and teenagers.

"These drinks are typically used to combat fatigue and boost energy. However, their use is only permissible for adults and no more than once a day, as they can pose serious health risks," said a statement from Tajikstandard.

The agency also reported that one of the factories producing and selling energy drinks does not comply with basic sanitary regulations.

"Based on an inspection audit, it was found that the factory does not follow elementary sanitary rules and regulatory requirements during production. Additionally, one of the technological processes simultaneously produces both halal products and alcoholic beverages. As a result, the 'Halal' certification that had been granted to the company's products, including the energy drinks, was revoked," the statement read.

The specific factory in question was not named.

As a result, merchants and business owners are urged to immediately stop selling these energy drinks to children and teenagers. According to regulations, the sale of these products is only allowed to individuals over the age of 18.

Increase in rapes in Tajikistan, but decrease in murders and abductions in 2025

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Рамазон Рахимзода

In 2025, Tajikistan registered 23,448 crimes, an increase of 1,134 cases compared to 2024, when the number was 22,314. This was reported by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Tajikistan, Ramazon Rahimzoda, at a news conference in Dushanbe on February 12.

According to the ministry, the crime clearance rate last year was 78%.

The number of reported rapes, robberies, and illegal drug trafficking cases increased, while murders, abductions, and hooliganism declined. Specifically, the following crimes were registered:

·         Murders and attempted murders: 74 (compared to 75 in 2024)

·         Robberies: 32 (compared to 28)

·         Thefts: 107 (compared to 86)

·         Rapes: 49 (compared to 41)

·         Intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm: 119 (compared to 117)

·         Hooliganism: 1,559 (compared to 1,663)

·         Abductions: 9 (compared to 10)

·         Illegal possession and manufacturing of weapons: 26 (compared to 31)

·         Corruption crimes: 56 (compared to 61)

·         Illegal drug trafficking, production, and transportation: 905 (compared to 745)

·         Fraud: 3,857 (compared to 3,480)

·         Thefts: 3,902 (compared to 3,858)

 

Increase in road traffic accidents

Interior Minister Ramazon Rahimzoda also reported a rise in road accidents and the number of fatalities caused by traffic incidents. According to Rahimzoda, in 2025, Tajikistan registered 1,373 road accidents, resulting in 643 deaths. Another 1,542 people were injured in these accidents.

In 2024, 1,233 traffic accidents occurred, resulting in 552 deaths. 

9-year-old schoolchild killed in wolf attack in GBAO’s Shugnan district

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A 9-year-old girl has died following a wolf attack in a village Shugnan district of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO). 

According to local authorities, the incident occurred on February 9 in a village, part of the Wanqala jamoat. A hungry wolf reportedly attacked the girl, who was on her way to school, in the early hours of the day.

While further details of the incident were not disclosed, local authorities confirmed that the regional governor issued instructions to district leaders to ensure that schoolchildren in mountainous areas are accompanied by adults on their way to school.

Additionally, it was recommended that any sightings of wolves near populated areas be immediately reported to the relevant authorities.

This is not the first time a wild animal attack has resulted in fatalities in this area. In recent years, the wolf population in the region has grown, and hungry predators are frequently forced to enter populated areas during the winter.

During the winter months, the risk of wolf and other wild animal attacks increases in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, where food shortages often drive predators closer to human settlements.

Tajik authorities noted on December 17, 2019 that wolf population has increased more than eight times over the past nearly 30 years.

The GBAO administration press center said in late 2019 that the number of wolves has increased in the region and they have become posing threat to the population.

There have been deadly wolf attacks reported in the region over the past decade. 

In early 2013, separate wolf attacks killed an elderly woman and severely injured another elderly woman in the Navobod jamoat, Shugnan district.

In July 2017, wolves killed a 3-year-old child in the Wanqala jamoat, Shugnan district. In 2018, wolves killed two women and injured several other people in GBAO.

At least three people, including two children, were attacked by wolves in the Suchan jamoat alone of Shugnan district in 2019.   In January 2019, a wolf attacked a five-year-old boy in the village of Dashtak, some nine kilometers to the east of Khorog, the administrative center of the GBAO, in the daytime.  People came in time to help and the wolf left the boy and ran away. In February 2019, a wolf has attacked a police officer in the Dashtak village in the evening.  Neighbors have reportedly come in time and saved him.  In the same month, wolf attacked a 6-year-old boy in the neighboring village of Sipindz in the daytime.  Relatives managed to save the boy.    

On October 1, 2023, a 48-year-old resident of Yakhchwol village in GBAO’s Ishkashim district was attacked by a wolf early in the morning of October 1, 2023 right in front of his house.   He was reportedly saved by neighbors who came running to his screams.  

Local residents say they have just pitchforks and shovels to fight wolves when necessary. The Tajik authorities confiscated the hunting rifles of villagers in the Gorno Badakhshan Autonomous Region several years ago.

How to connect to Starlink in Tajikistan: costs, registration, and limitations

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The official launch of Starlink in Tajikistan has opened access to satellite internet even in the most remote areas of the country. This article provides a detailed guide on how to order the terminal, the monthly subscription costs, where to register the equipment, who can use it, and when it makes sense to switch to satellite internet instead of mobile or fixed-line options.

All these details were shared with Asia-Plus by specialists from Tajiktelecom, the official Starlink partner in Tajikistan.

How to Connect to Starlink in Tajikistan: What to Do, Where to Go, and What Documents Are Needed?

Anyone interested can order the Starlink equipment via the official website at starlink.com based on their needs and choose the appropriate tariff. After receiving the equipment, users must visit a Tajiktelecom service office for registration.

For those with already installed Starlink equipment, registration should be completed before March 1.

Equipment registration is necessary for the legal use of the satellite terminal in the country and to link the device to a specific user or organization.

When visiting the office, the following documents are required:

·         Passport (for individuals);

·         Registration documents (for legal entities);

·         Serial number of the Starlink equipment.

The registration process is notification-based and not a licensing procedure in the traditional sense.

 

Do you need permission from regulators, and are there any licensing restrictions?

There are no additional restrictions for using a single unit of equipment. However, if multiple units of Starlink are used, additional permission from the Communications Service is required.

"Multiple units" typically refers to installations within a single project, facility, or network, such as a school, community center, enterprise, or multiple buildings. In such cases, usage may be considered as part of a telecommunications infrastructure rather than a personal connection, requiring further approval.

 

Who can install and use Starlink in Tajikistan?

Individuals, sole proprietors, and legal entities are all eligible to use Starlink without any restrictions on user categories. There are no differences in service conditions, although additional documents may be required during registration for legal entities and sole proprietors, such as:

·         Certificate of registration;

·         Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN);

·         Legal address;

·         Person responsible for equipment operation.

These additional requirements do not affect the tariffs or technical aspects of the service and are solely for accounting and control purposes.

 

How much does it cost to connect and purchase Starlink equipment?

The current cost of equipment and tariffs is listed on the Starlink website. The equipment package includes installation instructions.

·         Standard equipment package (with delivery to Tajikistan) costs 2,950 somoni.

·         Mini equipment package costs 2,450 somoni.

·         Additional accessories such as a rotating mount (640 somoni), standard wall mount (570 somoni), pipe adapter (280 somoni), and mini router (490 somoni) can also be purchased separately.

Installation by third-party companies is not included in the package price and must be paid separately. In most cases, users install the equipment themselves, as the system is designed for quick and easy installation without special technical skills.

 

Tariffs and monthly service fees

The monthly service fee is 1,100 somoni. The payment is automatically deducted from the linked payment method. The fee covers internet access without distinguishing between domestic and international traffic. Additional payments are only required if changing the tariff plan, activating mobile options (Roam), or replacing equipment outside the warranty case. Currently, the Roam tariff in Tajikistan also costs 1,100 somoni per month.

Internet Speed with Starlink

·         Download speed: 135–305 Mbps

·         Upload speed: 20–40 Mbps

These speeds reflect the standard range for users worldwide (between the 20th and 80th percentiles). Actual speed depends on location and operating conditions (more details at starlink.com/tajikistan). Speeds may fluctuate during the day and are influenced by the satellite network load in the region. Speeds are generally higher in the early morning and night, with temporary fluctuations possible during the evening. However, users can still make video calls, study and work online, and use cloud services.

 

Are there any limitations on traffic or speed?

Starlink applies a fair usage policy. During peak hours, users with Priority tariffs may receive temporary priority. For standard home users, no limits apply.

More information can be found in the support section on the Starlink website.

 

Does Starlink work in remote mountain areas of Tajikistan?

In practice, Starlink is actively used in remote areas, including mountain villages, pastures, temporary camps, geological exploration, and tourism.

Before purchasing equipment, it is recommended to use the sky review tool in the official Starlink mobile app.

In mountain areas, key factors include an open horizon, the absence of obstructions (such as rocks or trees), and weather conditions—heavy snow or rain can temporarily impair the connection.

 

What are the requirements for antenna placement (Starlink Dish)?

The antenna must have as clear a view of the sky as possible. In seismic zones, reliable attachment to permanent structures is recommended. The equipment is designed to withstand strong winds and precipitation, but incorrect installation may reduce the connection's stability. More details are available in the support section on the Starlink website.

 

How many devices can be connected to Starlink Wi-Fi?

Depending on the model of the basic Starlink Wi-Fi router, between 128 and 235 devices can be connected with active simultaneous connections.

According to official Starlink terms, one station is meant to serve a single location or address. For multi-user scenarios (e.g., schools, offices, communities), it is recommended to use an external professional router or access points connected to Starlink via Ethernet to better manage network load and improve stability.

 

Can Starlink equipment be transported and used while moving?

The Starlink equipment can be physically transported and used in different locations. Many users take their equipment to their summer homes, other villages, or on trips within the country.

Under the standard tariff, Starlink is linked to the registered service address. If the device is moved significantly away from that address, the service may be limited. If moving to a new permanent location, it is recommended to update the address in the user’s personal account.

For frequent relocations, the Roaming/Portability (RV) tariff options are available.

A standard stationary Starlink antenna is not designed to work while a vehicle is moving. For mobile use, specialized mobile solutions or Roam/RV tariffs are recommended.

 

Are there any restrictions on using equipment and services?

Starlink works like a regular internet connection and does not restrict the types of devices or services. It is suitable for VoIP telephony, Zoom/Teams/Google Meet, IP cameras, cloud services, and VPNs.

If the network is overloaded, it is advisable to set priority for critical services to ensure they remain stable under high traffic conditions.

 

Is there official support or service centers?

Starlink support is primarily provided online through the user account and mobile app. Requests are processed centrally. Warranty replacement of equipment is handled through the official Starlink channel if a fault is confirmed.

 

Can the government limit or disconnect access to Starlink?

Satellite internet use is regulated by national legislation. Like any other type of communication, Starlink is subject to the regulator’s requirements, including issues related to national security, frequency control, and licensing for mass usage.

 

Key differences between Starlink, mobile, and fiber optic internet

Speed

·         Fiber optic: High and symmetrical speed.

·         4G/5G: Potentially high speed, dependent on network conditions.

·         Starlink: Generally faster than 3G and comparable to 4G in remote areas, but slower than fiber optic.

Stability and Latency

·         Fiber optic: Maximum stability and minimal latency.

·         Mobile: Depends on the base station load and distance.

·         Starlink: Not dependent on local infrastructure but sensitive to weather and sky view.

Coverage

·         Starlink: Mountains, villages, remote areas.

·         3G/4G/5G: Cities and populated areas.

·         Fiber optic: Areas with cable infrastructure.

 

Economic feasibility of different connection options

The choice of connection type primarily depends on the available infrastructure at a specific location.

If fiber optic is available, wired internet offers stable performance and predictable monthly costs (e.g., Tojiktelecom’s "Unlimited 30" plan at 155 somoni per month).

If fiber infrastructure is absent but 4G/5G is available, mobile internet can be convenient for moderate usage. However, as traffic and the number of users grow, network strain increases. Mobile internet for the average user costs 100-150 somoni per month.

Starlink is designed for locations where wired and mobile infrastructure is either unavailable or economically unfeasible, providing stable access under such conditions.