An article posted on Radio Liberty’s website notes that when the Taliban captured a strategically important security checkpoint near Afghanistan's border with Tajikistan last month, it assigned a Tajik militant to raise the Taliban flag on the site.
Exclusive: Taliban Puts Tajik Militants Partially in Charge of Afghanistan's Northern Border says the militant goes by the alias Mahdi Arsalon and has a group of fighters from Tajikistan under his command.
The Taliban reportedly also put Arsalon and his group in charge of security in five districts the Taliban seized near the Tajik border in recent months.
The districts are Kuf Ab, Khwahan, Maimay, Nusay, and Shekay — all parts of Afghanistan’s Badakhshan Province.
In Afghanistan, Arsalon and other Tajik militants are known as the “Tajik Taliban.” But in reality they are members of Jamaat Ansarullah, which is banned in Tajikistan as a terrorist group.
Jamaat Ansarullah — also known as Ansarullah or Ansorullo — was founded by a rogue former Tajik opposition commander a decade ago with the ultimate goal of overthrowing the government in Dushanbe.
According to several sources in Tajikistan, Mahdi Arsalon’s real name is Muhammad Sharifov. Sharifov, 25, was born in the village of Sherbegiyon in Tajikistan’s eastern Rasht Valley.
An officer in the Tajik border guard services told RFE/RL that they received information about two years ago that there was a group of Tajik fighters led by Sharifov fighting alongside the Taliban on the other side of the border. Their number is unknown.
The officer confirmed claims that Arsalon is now “in charge” of security in the five Afghan districts bordering Tajikistan currently controlled by the Taliban. The official spoke on condition of anonymity as he was not authorized to speak to the media.
He also said Arsalon has “introduced” about 200 Tajik militants to the Taliban. They are thought to have taken part in Taliban offensives in Afghanistan's northern Badakhshan Province in recent months where the militant group captured large swaths of territory.
Tajik fighters in Badakhshan caught the Afghan authorities’ attention in November 2020 when footage appeared on social media showing militants brutally killing men in Afghan Army uniforms. Some of the militants spoke with a distinct Tajik accent. The video purportedly showed the fall of the Maimay district to the Taliban.
Authorities in Tajikistan identified at least 10 of the militants as Tajik citizens. Tajik Interior Ministry officials confirmed that Sharifov was among the group.
Qadir Safa, the head of Afghanistan’s Darwaz district, confirmed to RFE/RL that Ansarullah members are active in the fighting in Afghanistan in support of the Taliban.
“Several of them were killed in fighting in our area and we were able to establish their identities,” Safa said. “They had married local women.”
Safa also claimed that Ansarullah recruits fighters from Tajikistan.
“We had information in the spring that nine Tajik nationals entered Afghanistan through Tajikistan’s Rushan and Shugnan districts. They joined the Taliban,” Safa said. “In the winter and spring, many new fighters came from Tajikistan.”
He added that Tajik diplomats in Kabul have been informed about Ansarullah’s activities in Afghanistan.
Ansarullah was founded in 2010 by Amriddin Tabarov, who had been a field commander for anti-government Islamist forces during Tajikistan's 1992-97 civil war. Tabarov, also known as Mullah Amriddin, was killed by Afghan government forces in 2015.
Initially, Ansarullah’s members were former Tajik opposition fighters who refused to accept a 1997 peace agreement between the government in Dushanbe and the Islamist-led opposition.
The so-called new generation — children and relatives of the initial members and supporters — have since joined the group.
Since its creation, Ansarullah has had links with other militant groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan, including the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, Al-Qaeda, and the Taliban.
In 2019, two of Tabarov's sons were detained by U.S.-led forces in Afghanistan and extradited to Tajikistan.
In August 2019, they were sentenced to lengthy prison terms after being convicted of organizing a criminal group, seeking to overthrow the government, and illegal weapons possession.
